In 2025, Afghanistan under Taliban rule remained isolated internationally, with no breakthrough on global recognition despite Russia becoming the only country to formally recognise the Taliban government. Relations with the wider international community failed to normalise, and political and economic pressure persisted.
Limited diplomatic contacts continued, including visits by U.S. delegations to Kabul that led to the release of several hostages. However, Washington cut financial assistance and renewed calls for the return of Bagram air base, a former U.S. military hub.
The Taliban spokesperson said cabinet members made 99 foreign trips during the year.
At the same time, United Nations data showed that 9,775 security incidents were recorded across Afghanistan over the past year, killing 186 civilians and wounding 759 others. Taliban officials said the group’s defence ministry now has more than 181,000 personnel and that over 100,000 police officers have been trained.
The economy remained fragile. The United Nations estimated unemployment at up to 75% and said more than 90% of the population was living below the poverty line.
Women and girls bore the brunt of the crisis, with restrictions on education, employment and public life continuing, while public punishments increased. In 2025 alone, the Taliban publicly flogged more than 1,030 people, including 150 women.
The Taliban also reported that more than 2.8 million migrants returned to Afghanistan during the year.
These indicators underscore a year marked by crisis, pressure and isolation for Afghanistan — a year reviewed in this special news programme, beginning with a report on the key political developments shaping the country in 2025.
